49+ Types of Non Venomous Snakes In Texas And Their Characteristics - Felsics.com (2024)

Types of non-venomous snakes in Texas include various species such as the Texas Rat Snake, Western Rat Snake, and Eastern Rat Snake, known for their distinct patterns and beneficial role in controlling rodent populations. Additionally, species like the Texas Indigo Snake and Speckled Kingsnake contribute to ecosystem balance and are prized for their unique appearances. From arboreal Rough Green Snakes to aquatic Banded Water Snakes, these reptiles inhabit diverse habitats and play vital roles in Texas’ ecosystems, showcasing the state’s rich biodiversity.

1. Texas Rat Snake (Pantherophis obsoletus)

The Texas Rat Snake, scientifically known as Pantherophis obsoletus, is a non-venomous snake species commonly found throughout Texas. Recognized for their distinct pattern of blotches on a lighter background, Texas Rat Snakes are proficient climbers and are often spotted in wooded areas, grasslands, and even urban environments. They play a crucial role in controlling rodent populations, making them beneficial to ecosystems and human habitats alike.

2. Western Rat Snake (Pantherophis obsoletus)

Similar to its Texas counterpart, the Western Rat Snake, also known as Pantherophis obsoletus, shares many characteristics. Often confused with the Texas Rat Snake due to their overlapping range, Western Rat Snakes exhibit variations in coloration and pattern depending on their habitat. These adaptable snakes are proficient hunters, preying on rodents, birds, and sometimes even eggs, contributing to the ecological balance of their environment.

3. Eastern Rat Snake (Pantherophis alleghaniensis)

The Eastern Rat Snake, scientifically classified as Pantherophis alleghaniensis, extends its range into the eastern regions of Texas. With a sleek body and keeled scales, these snakes are excellent climbers and often inhabit forests, fields, and suburban areas. Despite their name, they consume a diverse diet that includes rodents, birds, and occasionally amphibians, making them valuable components of the ecosystem.

4. Great Plains Rat Snake (Pantherophis emoryi)

The Great Plains Rat Snake, scientifically named Pantherophis emoryi, is prevalent in the western regions of Texas, particularly in grasslands and prairies. These snakes are known for their calm demeanor and are often encountered basking in the sun or seeking refuge in underground burrows. Feeding primarily on rodents, the Great Plains Rat Snake serves as a natural pest controller, aiding in maintaining the balance of local ecosystems.

5. Bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer sayi)

The Bullsnake, scientifically known as Pituophis catenifer sayi, is a large non-venomous snake inhabiting various regions of Texas, including grasslands, scrublands, and agricultural areas. Recognizable by their impressive size and distinctive pattern of blotches, Bullsnakes are proficient hunters, preying on rodents and occasionally birds. Despite their intimidating appearance, they are docile creatures and play a vital role in controlling rodent populations.

6. Eastern Hognose Snake (Heterodon platirhinos)

The Eastern Hognose Snake, scientifically referred to as Heterodon platirhinos, is a fascinating species known for its distinctive upturned snout and defensive behaviors. Found in various habitats across Texas, including woodlands, grasslands, and sandy areas, these snakes primarily feed on amphibians, particularly toads. When threatened, they may flatten their bodies and hiss loudly to deter predators, earning them the nickname “puff adder.”

7. Western Hognose Snake (Heterodon nasicus)

Similar to its eastern counterpart, the Western Hognose Snake, scientifically named Heterodon nasicus, exhibits similar defensive behaviors and habitat preferences. Inhabiting regions of Texas with sandy soils and sparse vegetation, Western Hognose Snakes are adept burrowers, often seeking shelter underground during the hottest parts of the day. Despite their harmless nature, their unique appearance and behavior make them a captivating species to observe in the wild.

8. Texas Indigo Snake (Drymarchon melanurus erebennus)

The Texas Indigo Snake, scientifically classified as Drymarchon melanurus erebennus, is the largest non-venomous snake species in North America. Endemic to the southwestern regions of Texas, these impressive snakes prefer arid habitats such as deserts, scrublands, and grasslands. Recognized for their glossy black coloration and sleek appearance, Texas Indigo Snakes play a vital role in controlling rodent populations and are considered flagship species for conservation efforts in the state.

9. Speckled Kingsnake (Lampropeltis holbrooki)

The Speckled Kingsnake, scientifically known as Lampropeltis holbrooki, is a visually striking species found in various habitats throughout Texas, including forests, fields, and marshes. Characterized by their vibrant coloration and speckled pattern, these snakes are highly valued for their ability to control rodent populations and occasionally prey on other snakes, including venomous species. Despite their formidable hunting skills, Speckled Kingsnakes are docile in nature and are often kept as pets by reptile enthusiasts.

10. Desert Kingsnake (Lampropeltis splendida)

The Desert Kingsnake, scientifically referred to as Lampropeltis splendida, is well-adapted to the arid environments of western Texas, including deserts, scrublands, and rocky outcrops. Recognized for their distinct black and white banded pattern, Desert Kingsnakes are proficient hunters, feeding on a variety of prey, including rodents, lizards, and even other snakes. Their resilience and adaptability to harsh conditions make them a fascinating species to encounter in the rugged landscapes of Texas.

11. Prairie Kingsnake (Lampropeltis calligaster)

The Prairie Kingsnake, scientifically known as Lampropeltis calligaster, is a species commonly found in the prairies and grasslands of Texas. With its brownish-gray coloration and dark blotches along the back, Prairie Kingsnakes blend well into their surroundings, aiding them in ambush hunting of rodents and small reptiles. Despite their non-venomous nature, they possess powerful constricting abilities, making them efficient predators in their ecosystem.

12. Louisiana Milk Snake (Lampropeltis triangulum amaura)

The Louisiana Milk Snake, scientifically classified as Lampropeltis triangulum amaura, is a colorful snake species inhabiting various habitats throughout Texas, including forests, swamps, and grasslands. Recognized for their vibrant red, black, and yellow bands, Louisiana Milk Snakes mimic the coloration of venomous coral snakes, providing them with protection from potential predators. Despite this mimicry, they are harmless to humans and primarily feed on small rodents and reptiles.

13. Mexican Milk Snake (Lampropeltis triangulum annulata)

The Mexican Milk Snake, scientifically referred to as Lampropeltis triangulum annulata, is a subspecies of milk snake found in the southern regions of Texas, particularly in areas with rocky terrain and scrublands. Sporting bright red, black, and white bands, Mexican Milk Snakes exhibit Batesian mimicry, resembling venomous coral snakes to deter predators. While they primarily feed on small mammals and reptiles, they are also known to consume bird eggs and occasionally other snakes.

14. Gray-banded Kingsnake (Lampropeltis alterna)

The Gray-banded Kingsnake, scientifically known as Lampropeltis alterna, is a visually striking snake species endemic to Texas, particularly in the western regions of the state. Recognized for their alternating bands of gray, black, and white, Gray-banded Kingsnakes are highly prized by reptile enthusiasts for their unique coloration. They inhabit rocky outcrops and desert scrublands, where they feed on a variety of prey, including rodents, lizards, and smaller snakes.

15. Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)

The Common Garter Snake, scientifically referred to as Thamnophis sirtalis, is a widespread species found throughout Texas, inhabiting diverse habitats such as wetlands, grasslands, and suburban areas. Characterized by their slender bodies and distinctive striped pattern, Common Garter Snakes are highly adaptable and can thrive in various environments. They primarily feed on amphibians, fish, and insects, playing a significant role in controlling pest populations in their ecosystems.

16. Texas Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis annectens)

The Texas Garter Snake, a subspecies of Thamnophis sirtalis, is specifically found in the eastern regions of Texas, particularly in wetland habitats, marshes, and along the edges of streams or rivers. With its characteristic striped pattern of yellow or orange stripes running along its body, Texas Garter Snakes are adept hunters, preying on small fish, amphibians, and invertebrates. Despite their non-venomous nature, they may release a musky odor when threatened as a defense mechanism.

17. Western Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis proximus)

The Western Ribbon Snake, scientifically known as Thamnophis proximus, is a species native to Texas, primarily inhabiting grasslands, marshes, and wetlands across the state. Recognized for their long, slender bodies and distinct lateral stripes, Western Ribbon Snakes are excellent swimmers and are often found near water sources. Feeding on a diet consisting mainly of amphibians, fish, and invertebrates, they play a vital role in maintaining the balance of their aquatic ecosystems.

18. Checkered Garter Snake (Thamnophis marcianus)

The Checkered Garter Snake, scientifically referred to as Thamnophis marcianus, is a species commonly found in the southern regions of Texas, particularly in marshes, wetlands, and along the edges of streams. Distinguished by their checkered pattern of black and yellow scales, Checkered Garter Snakes are skilled hunters, preying on small fish, amphibians, and invertebrates. Their presence indicates the health of aquatic ecosystems, making them important indicators of environmental quality.

19. Plains Garter Snake (Thamnophis radix)

The Plains Garter Snake, scientifically known as Thamnophis radix, is a species native to the plains and grasslands of Texas. With its slender body and distinct longitudinal stripes, Plains Garter Snakes are highly adaptable and can thrive in various habitats, including prairies, fields, and marshes. They primarily feed on amphibians, fish, and invertebrates, contributing to the ecological balance of their respective ecosystems.

20. Rough Green Snake (Opheodrys aestivus)

The Rough Green Snake, scientifically referred to as Opheodrys aestivus, is a slender, arboreal species found in various habitats throughout Texas, including forests, woodlands, and shrublands. Recognized for their bright green coloration and smooth scales, Rough Green Snakes are adept climbers, often found in trees or bushes where they hunt for insects and spiders. Despite their vibrant appearance, they are shy and non-aggressive, relying on camouflage to evade predators.

21. Smooth Green Snake (Opheodrys vernalis)

The Smooth Green Snake, scientifically known as Opheodrys vernalis, is a close relative of the Rough Green Snake and shares similar habitats and behaviors. Found in grasslands, meadows, and open woodlands across Texas, Smooth Green Snakes are characterized by their bright green coloration and slender bodies. As primarily insectivores, they play a crucial role in controlling insect populations, particularly those of grasshoppers and caterpillars, making them beneficial to agricultural ecosystems.

22. Coachwhip (Masticophis flagellum)

The Coachwhip, scientifically referred to as Masticophis flagellum, is a fast-moving and highly agile snake species native to Texas, inhabiting various habitats such as deserts, grasslands, and scrublands. Recognized for their long, slender bodies and whip-like appearance, Coachwhips are proficient hunters, preying on small mammals, birds, and lizards. With their impressive speed and keen hunting skills, they are formidable predators in their ecosystem.

23. Eastern Coachwhip (Masticophis flagellum flagellum)

The Eastern Coachwhip, a subspecies of Masticophis flagellum, is specifically found in the eastern regions of Texas, where it inhabits a diverse range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and wetlands. Similar to the broader species, Eastern Coachwhips are characterized by their long, slender bodies and agile movements. They play a crucial role in controlling rodent populations and are often encountered basking in the sun or seeking shelter in dense vegetation.

24. Western Coachwhip (Masticophis flagellum testaceus)

The Western Coachwhip, another subspecies of Masticophis flagellum, is primarily found in the western regions of Texas, particularly in arid environments such as deserts, scrublands, and rocky outcrops. With their keen eyesight and swift movements, Western Coachwhips are adept hunters, preying on a variety of small mammals, birds, and reptiles. Despite their intimidating appearance, they are non-venomous and pose no threat to humans.

25. Eastern Yellow-bellied Racer (Coluber constrictor flaviventris)

The Eastern Yellow-bellied Racer, scientifically known as Coluber constrictor flaviventris, is a sleek and fast-moving snake species inhabiting various habitats across Texas, including forests, fields, and wetlands. Distinguished by their vibrant yellow underside and slender build, Eastern Yellow-bellied Racers are proficient hunters, preying on small mammals, birds, and reptiles. Their speed and agility make them efficient predators in their ecosystem.

26. Buttermilk Racer (Coluber constrictor anthicus)

The Buttermilk Racer, a subspecies of Coluber constrictor, is specifically found in certain regions of Texas, where it inhabits a variety of habitats, including grasslands, scrublands, and forests. With its pale yellow or cream-colored body and smooth scales, the Buttermilk Racer is well-camouflaged in its environment. As an opportunistic predator, it feeds on a variety of prey, including rodents, birds, and insects, contributing to the ecological balance of its habitat.

27. Southern Black Racer (Coluber constrictor priapus)

The Southern Black Racer, another subspecies of Coluber constrictor, is prevalent in the southern regions of Texas, where it inhabits a diverse range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and wetlands. Recognized for its glossy black coloration and slender body, the Southern Black Racer is a fast-moving snake species known for its agility and swift hunting techniques. Feeding primarily on small mammals, birds, and reptiles, it plays a crucial role in controlling rodent populations in its ecosystem.

28. Glossy Snake (Arizona elegans)

The Glossy Snake, scientifically referred to as Arizona elegans, is a species native to the southwestern regions of Texas, particularly in arid environments such as deserts and scrublands. With its shiny appearance and distinct pattern of dark blotches, Glossy Snakes are well-adapted to their sandy habitats. Despite their non-venomous nature, they possess powerful constricting abilities and primarily feed on small mammals, reptiles, and occasionally birds.

29. Rough Earth Snake (Haldea striatula)

The Rough Earth Snake, scientifically known as Haldea striatula, is a small and inconspicuous snake species commonly found in various habitats across Texas, including forests, grasslands, and suburban areas. Distinguished by their rough scales and subdued coloration, Rough Earth Snakes are burrowing species, often found underground or beneath leaf litter. Feeding primarily on earthworms and soft-bodied invertebrates, they play a vital role in soil health and nutrient cycling in their ecosystem.

30. Smooth Earth Snake (Virginia valeriae)

The Smooth Earth Snake, scientifically referred to as Virginia valeriae, is a species native to Texas, inhabiting a variety of habitats such as forests, grasslands, and agricultural areas. With its smooth scales and muted coloration, Smooth Earth Snakes are well-camouflaged in their environment. As burrowing species, they primarily feed on earthworms and soft-bodied invertebrates, contributing to the ecological balance of their habitat. Despite their secretive nature, they play an essential role in soil health and ecosystem dynamics.

31. Graham’s Crayfish Snake (Regina grahamii)

Graham’s Crayfish Snake, scientifically named Regina grahamii, is a species found in the eastern and central regions of Texas, particularly in aquatic habitats such as streams, rivers, and wetlands. With its slender body and keeled scales, Graham’s Crayfish Snake is well-adapted for swimming and hunting crayfish, which comprise a significant portion of its diet. These snakes play a crucial role in controlling crayfish populations and are essential components of freshwater ecosystems.

32. Diamondback Water Snake (Nerodia rhombifer)

The Diamondback Water Snake, scientifically known as Nerodia rhombifer, is a semi-aquatic species found in various aquatic habitats across Texas, including rivers, streams, and ponds. Recognized for their diamond-shaped markings along their back, Diamondback Water Snakes are proficient swimmers and skilled hunters, preying on fish, amphibians, and aquatic invertebrates. Despite their aggressive reputation, they are non-venomous and play a vital role in maintaining the balance of freshwater ecosystems.

33. Plain-bellied Water Snake (Nerodia erythrogaster)

The Plain-bellied Water Snake, scientifically referred to as Nerodia erythrogaster, is a common species found throughout Texas, particularly in aquatic habitats such as swamps, marshes, and ponds. Distinguished by their plain belly and dark dorsal coloration, Plain-bellied Water Snakes are skilled swimmers and voracious predators, feeding on fish, amphibians, and aquatic invertebrates. Despite their harmless nature, they may exhibit defensive behaviors when threatened, including musking and striking.

34. Blotched Water Snake (Nerodia erythrogaster transversa)

The Blotched Water Snake, a subspecies of Nerodia erythrogaster, is specifically found in certain regions of Texas, particularly in the eastern parts of the state. With its blotched pattern and reddish-brown coloration, Blotched Water Snakes are well-adapted to their aquatic habitats, where they hunt for fish, amphibians, and aquatic invertebrates. Despite their intimidating appearance, they are non-venomous and play a crucial role in maintaining the health of freshwater ecosystems.

35. Northern Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon)

The Northern Water Snake, scientifically known as Nerodia sipedon, is a widespread species found throughout Texas, particularly in the eastern and central regions of the state. With its keeled scales and dark blotches along its body, Northern Water Snakes are well-camouflaged in their aquatic habitats. They are proficient swimmers and skilled hunters, preying on fish, amphibians, and aquatic invertebrates. Despite their aggressive defense mechanisms, they are harmless to humans and play an essential role in aquatic ecosystems.

36. Brown Water Snake (Nerodia taxispilota)

The Brown Water Snake, scientifically referred to as Nerodia taxispilota, is a species found in the southeastern regions of Texas, particularly in marshes, swamps, and other aquatic habitats. Distinguished by their brown coloration and dark blotches, Brown Water Snakes are proficient swimmers and voracious predators, feeding on fish, amphibians, and aquatic invertebrates. Despite their non-venomous nature, they may exhibit defensive behaviors when threatened, including musking and striking.

37. Rough Water Snake (Nerodia harteri)

The Rough Water Snake, scientifically known as Nerodia harteri, is a species endemic to Texas, primarily found in the eastern regions of the state. With its rough scales and dark coloration, Rough Water Snakes are well-adapted to their aquatic habitats, where they hunt for fish, amphibians, and aquatic invertebrates. Despite their aggressive defense mechanisms, they are harmless to humans and play an essential role in maintaining the health of freshwater ecosystems.

38. Banded Water Snake (Nerodia fasciata)

The Banded Water Snake, scientifically referred to as Nerodia fasciata, is a species found in various aquatic habitats throughout Texas, including rivers, streams, and marshes. Recognized for their distinct banding pattern and dark coloration, Banded Water Snakes are proficient swimmers and skilled hunters, preying on fish, amphibians, and aquatic invertebrates. Despite their non-venomous nature, they may exhibit defensive behaviors when threatened, including musking and striking.

39. Yellow-bellied Water Snake (Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster)

The Yellow-bellied Water Snake, a subspecies of Nerodia erythrogaster, is specifically found in certain regions of Texas, particularly in the eastern parts of the state. With its yellow or orange belly and dark dorsal coloration, Yellow-bellied Water Snakes are well-adapted to their aquatic habitats, where they hunt for fish, amphibians, and aquatic invertebrates. Despite their harmless nature, they may exhibit defensive behaviors when threatened, including musking and striking.

40. Green Water Snake (Nerodia cyclopion)

The Green Water Snake, scientifically known as Nerodia cyclopion, is a species found in various aquatic habitats across Texas, including rivers, streams, and marshes. Distinguished by their greenish coloration and dark markings, Green Water Snakes are proficient swimmers and skilled hunters, preying on fish, amphibians, and aquatic invertebrates. Despite their non-venomous nature, they may exhibit defensive behaviors when threatened, including musking and striking.

41. Red-bellied Snake (Storeria occipitomaculata)

The Red-bellied Snake, scientifically known as Storeria occipitomaculata, is a small species found in various habitats across Texas, including forests, woodlands, and grasslands. Recognized for their reddish belly and brownish-gray dorsal coloration, Red-bellied Snakes are primarily nocturnal and feed on small invertebrates such as slugs, worms, and insects. Despite their diminutive size, they play a significant role in controlling pest populations and are an essential part of the ecosystem.

42. Dekay’s Brown Snake (Storeria dekayi)

Dekay’s Brown Snake, scientifically referred to as Storeria dekayi, is a common species found throughout Texas, particularly in wooded areas, fields, and suburban neighborhoods. With its brownish-gray coloration and distinct dark spots along its back, Dekay’s Brown Snakes are well-camouflaged in their environment. They primarily feed on small invertebrates such as earthworms, slugs, and insects, making them valuable contributors to pest control in their habitat.

43. Ring-necked Snake (Diadophis punctatus)

The Ring-necked Snake, scientifically known as Diadophis punctatus, is a small species found in various habitats across Texas, including forests, grasslands, and rocky areas. Recognized for the distinct yellow or orange ring around their neck, Ring-necked Snakes are primarily nocturnal and feed on small vertebrates such as amphibians, reptiles, and invertebrates. Despite their secretive nature, they play an essential role in controlling pest populations and are valued members of their ecosystems.

44. Eastern Worm Snake (Carphophis amoenus)

The Eastern Worm Snake, scientifically referred to as Carphophis amoenus, is a small and elusive species found in various habitats across Texas, including forests, woodlands, and suburban areas. With its slender body and smooth scales, Eastern Worm Snakes closely resemble earthworms, making them difficult to detect in their underground habitat. They primarily feed on soft-bodied invertebrates such as earthworms and slugs, contributing to soil health and nutrient cycling.

45. Texas Brown Snake (Storeria dekayi texana)

The Texas Brown Snake, a subspecies of Storeria dekayi, is specifically found in certain regions of Texas, particularly in wooded areas, fields, and suburban neighborhoods. With its brownish-gray coloration and distinct dark spots along its back, Texas Brown Snakes closely resemble Dekay’s Brown Snakes. Like their counterparts, they primarily feed on small invertebrates such as earthworms, slugs, and insects, contributing to pest control in their habitat.

46. Flat-headed Snake (Tantilla gracilis)

The Flat-headed Snake, scientifically known as Tantilla gracilis, is a small and secretive species found in various habitats across Texas, including forests, grasslands, and rocky areas. Distinguished by their small size and distinctive flat head, Flat-headed Snakes primarily feed on small invertebrates such as insects and spiders. Despite their cryptic nature, they play a vital role in controlling pest populations and are an essential part of the ecosystem.

47. Chihuahuan Hook-nosed Snake (Gyalopion canum)

The Chihuahuan Hook-nosed Snake, scientifically referred to as Gyalopion canum, is a species found in the western regions of Texas, particularly in arid environments such as deserts and scrublands. With its distinctive hook-shaped snout and slender body, Chihuahuan Hook-nosed Snakes are well-adapted to their sandy habitats. They primarily feed on small reptiles and invertebrates, contributing to the ecological balance of their environment.

48. Texas Lyre Snake (Trimorphodon biscutatus vilkinsonii)

The Texas Lyre Snake, a subspecies of Trimorphodon biscutatus, is specifically found in certain regions of Texas, particularly in rocky areas and desert scrublands. Recognized for their unique lyre-shaped markings and large size, Texas Lyre Snakes are nocturnal hunters, preying on small mammals, lizards, and occasionally other snakes. Despite their non-venomous nature, they may exhibit defensive behaviors when threatened, including hissing and vibrating their tails.

49. Trans-Pecos Rat Snake (Bogertophis subocularis)

The Trans-Pecos Rat Snake, scientifically known as Bogertophis subocularis, is a species found in the western regions of Texas, particularly in rocky canyons and desert scrublands. With its tan or gray coloration and dark blotches along its body, Trans-Pecos Rat Snakes are well-camouflaged in their environment. They primarily feed on rodents and other small mammals, contributing to the ecological balance of their habitat.

50. Northern Cat-eyed Snake (Leptodeira septentrionalis)

The Northern Cat-eyed Snake, scientifically referred to as Leptodeira septentrionalis, is a species found in various habitats across Texas, including forests, grasslands, and scrublands. Distinguished by their cat-like eyes and slender body, Northern Cat-eyed Snakes primarily feed on amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals. Despite their non-venomous nature, they may exhibit defensive behaviors when threatened, including flattening their bodies and hissing.